12. The hypotenuse is c.
15. It’s a right triangle if the Pythagorean theorem works for its side lengths.
19. (3√5)2 ＝ 32 times (√5)2.
31. The area of a triangle is half of its base times its height.
35. Sketch a right triangle where the hypotenuse is from one of the two points to the other.
45. Multiply the numerator and denominator by √3 to make the denominator a whole number.